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How L-citrulline and L-taurine fit into the Niteworks® formula

A: L-citrulline is of critical importance because of its synergistic role with L-arginine in the production of Nitric Oxide, or NO. L-citrulline is actually a by-product in the production of NO and is recycled by the body to make more L-arginine to form NO. This “recycling” action is further enhanced because L-citrulline and L-arginine reach cells by different paths, resulting in broader support for NO production. L-taurine has been shown to strengthen the heart muscle, and as an antioxidant, it protects NO during its brief lifetime.*

Sources of L-Arginine

L-arginine is conditionally essential, which means that the body normally has enough. It's produced in the kidney and to a lesser extent, in the liver.

Food sources of L-arginine include plant and animal proteins, such as dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and nuts. The ratio of L-arginine to lysine is also important - soy and other plant proteins have more L-arginine than animal sources of protein.

Severe burns, infections, and injuries can deplete the body's supply of arginine. Under these conditions, L-arginine becomes essential and it is necessary to ensure proper intake to meet the increased demands.

L-arginine is also essential for children with rare genetic disorders that impair the formation of L-arginine.

L-Arginine is essential to several systems in the body.

Among its many roles, L-Arginine:
  • Is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO)
  • Promotes circulation resulting in improved blood flow
  • Stimulates the release of growth hormone
  • Improves immune function
  • Reduces healing time of injuries
  • Plays a role in the formation of bone and tendons
  • Increases muscle mass, while reducing body fat
  • Supports male fertility, improving sperm production and motility
  • Reduces risk of blood clots and stroke *1, *2
  • Supports normal blood pressure *3
  • Improves vascular function for patients with angina *4
  • Helps recovery after heart attack *5
  • Helps prevent and treat cardiovascular disease *6
  • Helps reduce growth of cancerous tumors *7

Dietary Sources

Arginine is a nonessential amino acid, meaning it can be manufactured by the human body, and does not need to be obtained directly through the diet. The biosynthetic pathway however does not produce sufficient arginine, and some must still be consumed through diet. Individuals who have poor nutrition or certain physical conditions may be advised to increase their intake of foods containing arginine. Arginine is found in a wide variety of foods, including[2]:

Animal sources: dairy products (e.g. cottage cheese, ricotta, milk, yogurt, whey protein drinks), beef, pork (e.g. bacon, ham), poultry (e.g. chicken and turkey light meat), wild game (e.g. pheasant, quail), seafood (e.g. halibut, lobster, salmon, shrimp, snails, tuna in water) Vegan sources: wheat germ and flour, buckwheat, granola, oatmeal, nuts (coconut, pecans, cashews, walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, hazel nuts, pine nuts, peanuts), seeds (pumpkin, sesame, sunflower), chick peas, cooked soybeans


1. Broeders MA, Tangelder GJ, Slaaf DW, Reneman RS, oude Egbrink MG. Hypercholesterolemia enhances thromboembolism in arterioles but not venules: complete reversal by L-arginine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 Apr 1; 22(4): 680-5. Abstract
2. Lin PH, Johnson CK, Pullium JK, Bush RL, Conklin BS, Chen C, Lumsden AB.L-arginine improves endothelial vasoreactivity and reduces thrombogenicity after thrombolysis in experimental deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2003 Dec; 38(6): 1396-403. Abstract
3. Michelakis ED, McMurtry MS, Sonnenberg B, Archer SL. The NO - K+ channel axis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Activation by experimental oral therapies. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003; 543: 293-322. Abstract
4. Maxwell AJ, Zapien MP, Pearce GL, MacCallum G, Stone PH Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jan 2; 39(1): 37-45. Abstract
5. Amrani M, Gray CC, Smolenski RT, Goodwin AT, London A, Yacoub MH.The effect of L-arginine on myocardial recovery after cardioplegic arrest and ischemia under moderate and deep hypothermia. Circulation. 1997 Nov 4; 96(9 Suppl): II-274-9. Abstract
6. Chagan L, Ioselovich A, Asherova L, Cheng JW. Use of alternative pharmacotherapy in management of cardiovascular diseases. Am J Manag Care. 2002 Mar; 8(3): 270-85; quiz 286-8. Abstract
7. Novaes MR, Lima LA. [Effects of dietetic supplementation with L-arginine in cancer patients. A review of the literature] [Article in Portuguese] Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1999 Dec; 49(4): 301-8. Abstract